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Dry Eye

Dry Eye & Blepharitis

Why Your Eyes Feel Irritated, Gritty, or Uncomfortable

Dry eye and blepharitis are common ocular surface conditions that can cause irritation, discomfort, watering, redness and fluctuating vision. At IOES, our specialist team can assess the cause of your symptoms and guide you towards the most appropriate care.

Overview

Dry eye occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears, or when the tear film does not work as effectively as it should. Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelids and can often contribute to dry eye symptoms. These conditions can be ongoing and uncomfortable, but with the right assessment and management, symptoms can often be improved.

  • Common and often manageable with the right assessment and care plan
  • Can affect comfort, reading, screen use and day-to-day vision quality
  • May be linked to tear film changes, eyelid inflammation or reduced blinking

Symptoms

Symptoms can vary from person to person and may come and go throughout the day. Common symptoms include:

  • Dryness, grittiness, burning or stinging
  • Redness, irritation or watery eyes
  • Blurred or fluctuating vision
  • Sensitivity to light or tired, uncomfortable eyes
  • Crusting, irritation or inflammation around the eyelids

Causes and Risk Factors

Dry eye and blepharitis can be caused by a range of factors affecting the tear film, eyelids or ocular surface. These may include:

  • Meibomian gland dysfunction or eyelid inflammation
  • Age-related tear film changes
  • Screen use, reduced blinking or prolonged close-up work
  • Contact lens wear, certain medications or other eye conditions
  • Environmental factors such as wind, air conditioning or dry air

When to Seek Help

You should seek advice if symptoms are persistent, worsening or affecting your daily comfort, vision or quality of life. Specialist assessment can help identify the cause of your symptoms and guide the most appropriate next step.

  • Your eyes feel persistently dry, gritty, irritated or uncomfortable
  • Symptoms are affecting reading, screen use, driving or daily life
  • You have ongoing redness, light sensitivity or changes in vision
  • Over-the-counter drops are not providing enough relief
  • You notice eyelid redness, crusting, swelling or inflammation

How It Is Diagnosed

At IOES, diagnosis involves a detailed and comfortable examination of the ocular surface.

  • Assessment of the tear film
  • Examination of the eyelids and oil glands
  • Evaluation of the corneal surface
  • Review of related factors that may be contributing to symptoms

Diagnosis and Next Steps

Once the cause and severity of your symptoms are understood, your clinician can recommend the most appropriate next step. This may include home care advice, eyelid hygiene, tear support, prescription treatment or advanced dry eye therapies where clinically appropriate.

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Treatment Overview

Treatment for dry eye and blepharitis depends on the cause, severity and impact of symptoms. At IOES, care may include eyelid hygiene advice, tear support, ocular surface management and more advanced treatment options where needed.

Patients may be guided towards:

  • Dry Eye Treatment for general management of symptoms, tear film support and ocular surface care
  • IPL Dry Eye Treatment where meibomian gland dysfunction or inflammation is contributing to symptoms
  • LLLT Dry Eye Treatment where light-based therapy may support tear film stability and comfort
Learn More About Dry Eye Treatment

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between dry eye and blepharitis?

Dry eye affects the tear film and ocular surface, while blepharitis affects the eyelids and lashes. The two conditions are often connected, as eyelid inflammation can affect the quality of the tear film and contribute to dry eye symptoms.

Why do my eyes water if they are dry?

Dry eyes can sometimes water because irritation on the ocular surface triggers reflex tearing. These tears may not have the right balance to lubricate the eyes properly, so the eyes can still feel dry, gritty or uncomfortable.

Can dry eye be treated?

Dry eye can often be managed effectively once the cause has been identified. Treatment may include home care advice, tear support, eyelid hygiene, prescription treatment or advanced therapies where suitable.

When should I see a specialist?

You should arrange an assessment if symptoms are persistent, worsening, affecting your vision or interfering with daily life. Specialist review is also important if you have pain, ongoing redness, light sensitivity or noticeable changes in vision.

What treatments are available at IOES?

Treatment options may include dry eye management, eyelid hygiene advice, tear support, prescription treatment and advanced options such as IPL Dry Eye Treatment or LLLT Dry Eye Treatment where clinically appropriate.