Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a condition that causes progressive damage to the optic nerve, the structure that carries visual information from the eye to the brain. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to irreversible vision loss.

It is the second most common cause of blindness in Ireland and is becoming more prevalent as people live longer. While vision loss from glaucoma cannot be reversed, early detection and appropriate treatment can help preserve sight.

At Institute of Eye Surgery, we provide comprehensive glaucoma assessment, monitoring, and treatment using advanced diagnostic technology and personalised care plans.

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma typically affects peripheral (side) vision first, progressing slowly and without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Because central vision is often preserved until later stages, many people are unaware they have glaucoma until significant damage has already occurred.This makes regular eye examinations essential, particularly for those at higher risk.

Who is at Risk of Glaucoma?

Several factors increase the risk of developing glaucoma, including:

A family history of glaucoma (especially over age 40)
Age over 60, even without a family history
Thin corneas, which can affect eye pressure readings
Nearsightedness (myopia)
Diabetes
Abnormally high or low blood pressure

Many people with glaucoma are unaware they have the condition, which is why screening is so important.

How is Glaucoma Detected?

Glaucoma is detected through a comprehensive eye examination, not a single test. At IOES, assessment may include:

Eye Pressure Measurement

Eye pressure (intraocular pressure or IOP) is measured
Normal pressure typically ranges between 10–20 mmHg
Glaucoma can occur with normal pressure (normal tension glaucoma)
Elevated pressure may be present without glaucoma (ocular hypertension)

Corneal thickness is also measured, as this can influence pressure readings.

Assessment of Peripheral Vision

Glaucoma causes gradual loss of peripheral vision, which often goes unnoticed by patients.

Visual field testing helps detect:

Progression of the disease over time
Early changes in peripheral vision

Optic Nerve Assessment

Glaucoma damages the optic nerve, leading to characteristic structural changes.

Assessment includes:

Clinical examination of the optic nerve
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging
Measurement of the retinal nerve fibre layer, which is critical for diagnosis and long-term monitoring

All diagnostic technologies required for glaucoma assessment and monitoring are available at IOES.

How is Glaucoma Treated?

The goal of glaucoma treatment is to lower eye pressure to reduce further damage to the optic nerve.

Treatment options may include:

Prescription eye drops
Laser treatment
Surgical procedures, when appropriate

The most suitable approach is determined on a case-by-case basis, in consultation with your ophthalmologist.

What to Expect: Glaucoma Care at IOES

Before Your Appointment

Your visit will begin with a detailed eye examination focused on eye pressure, optic nerve health, and peripheral vision.

You’ll have the opportunity to discuss:

Previous eye care or treatments
Any vision changes or symptoms
Your medical and family history

During Your Visit

Your assessment may include several painless tests to evaluate different aspects of eye health.

Your consultant will:

Outline monitoring or treatment options, if needed
Explain your results clearly
Discuss whether glaucoma is present

After Your Appointment

You’ll receive a personalised care plan, which may include:

Ongoing monitoring and follow-up visits
Eye drops or other treatments
Clear guidance on how to protect your vision long-term

If glaucoma is diagnosed, regular follow-up is essential to ensure stability.

Important Safety Note

If you experience sudden vision changes, eye pain, halos around lights, or rapid loss of vision, seek urgent eye assessment. While most glaucoma progresses slowly, some forms can require prompt treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions About Glaucoma

Most types of glaucoma develop slowly and painlessly. Some less common forms can cause sudden symptoms and require urgent care.

No. Vision loss from glaucoma is permanent, which is why early detection and treatment are so important.

Monitoring schedules vary depending on risk and disease stage. Your consultant will recommend an appropriate follow-up plan.

Glaucoma is a long-term condition. Most patients require ongoing treatment and monitoring to protect their vision.

Glaucoma cannot always be prevented, but early detection through regular eye exams greatly reduces the risk of significant vision loss.

Take the Next Step

Early detection is the key to protecting your vision.

Book a glaucoma assessment or contact our team to learn more about glaucoma screening, diagnosis, and treatment at IOES.