AMD

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition that affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for detailed central vision. It is the leading cause of significant vision loss in older adults in the developed world.

In its early stages, AMD may not cause noticeable changes in vision. However, early AMD carries an increased risk of progressing to more advanced forms of the condition, which can impact everyday activities such as reading, recognising faces, watching television, or driving.

At Institute of Eye Surgery, we provide expert assessment, advanced monitoring, and evidence-based treatment for AMD — all delivered with personalised, consultant-led care.

Types of AMD

There are two main forms of advanced AMD:

Dry AMD

The most common form. Vision changes usually develop gradually over time.

Wet AMD

A less common but more aggressive form that can lead to rapid central vision loss if not treated promptly.

Both forms affect central vision, while peripheral (side) vision is usually preserved.

How is AMD detected?

AMD is detected through a detailed eye examination that allows your consultant to closely examine the retina.

At IOES, advanced diagnostic technology is used, including:

Retinal photography
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), which provides high-resolution images of the retinal layers

OCT imaging is essential for detecting AMD early and guiding ongoing care.

How is AMD monitored?

AMD requires regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment decisions. Monitoring may include:

Visual function assessment
Repeat OCT imaging
Autofluorescence imaging to assess retinal health

IOES also offers microperimetry, a specialised test that measures retinal sensitivity over time. This allows subtle functional changes to be tracked, even before noticeable vision loss occurs.

How is AMD treated?

Wet AMD can lead to permanent central vision loss if left untreated. Early detection is critical.

Diagnosis is confirmed using specialised imaging
When treated early, there is a high chance of preserving or improving vision
Treatment may involve eye injections or laser-based therapies

All appropriate diagnostic and treatment technologies for wet AMD are available at IOES.

There is currently no cure for dry AMD. However, research shows that specific dietary supplements can reduce the risk of progression in suitable patients.

Your eye care professional at IOES can:

Recommend monitoring and lifestyle measures to help protect your vision
Assess your individual risk
Advise whether supplements are appropriate

What to Expect: AMD Care at IOES

Before Your Appointment

Your visit begins with a comprehensive eye examination focused on retinal health. This may include advanced imaging such as OCT scans and retinal photography.

You’ll have time to discuss:

Any vision changes you’ve noticed
Your eye and medical history
Questions or concerns about AMD

During Your Visit

Your appointment may include specialised, painless diagnostic tests that allow your consultant to examine the retina in detail.

If AMD is identified, your consultant will:

Explain the type and stage of AMD
Discuss what it means for your vision
Outline monitoring or treatment options tailored to you

If wet AMD is suspected, further imaging may be performed on the same visit.

After Your Appointment

You’ll receive a personalised care plan based on your diagnosis, which may include:

Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments
Advice on supplements or lifestyle measures
Treatment planning, if required

Your care team will guide you clearly through each step, ensuring you feel informed and supported.

Important Safety Note

If you experience sudden changes in vision, distortion of straight lines, a dark or blurred area in your central vision, or rapid worsening of sight, seek assessment as soon as possible. Early evaluation is essential, particularly for wet AMD, where timely treatment can help protect vision.

Frequently Asked Questions About AMD

Early AMD may not cause symptoms. As it progresses, some people notice blurred or distorted central vision or difficulty with reading and recognising faces.

No. AMD affects central vision only. Peripheral vision is usually preserved.

Dry AMD progresses gradually and is more common. Wet AMD is less common but more aggressive and requires prompt treatment.

Wet AMD can often be treated successfully if detected early. Dry AMD cannot be cured, but progression may be slowed in some patients.

Monitoring depends on the stage of AMD. Your consultant will recommend a personalised follow-up schedule.

Certain supplements may reduce the risk of progression in appropriate patients. Your eye care professional can advise if these are suitable for you.

Take the Next Step

If you have concerns about AMD or changes in your vision, our specialist team is here to help.

Book an eye examination or contact our team to learn more about AMD assessment and care at IOES.

AMD